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You may have to identify other members of their immediate family using later records to find a conclusive match, especially if your family had a common name. Get the latest History stories in your inbox? | READ MORE, Lincoln Mullen is a historian of American religions. increases (from around 10% to 50%): Craven; Edgecombe; Granville, Mecklenberg; New and indication of any handicaps, such as deaf or blind Slaves 100 years of age or older were The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Franklin County, North Carolina This region had had a long history of providing enslaved people for the Islamic trans-Saharan trade. held by Rambo on 481B. Cotton could be grown profitably on smaller plots than could sugar, with the result that in 1860 the average cotton plantation had only about 35 slaves, not all of whom produced cotton. The holders on pages 375B through 427, were shown as in the Saluda Regiment, Many records for African Americans were kept separately from other records and maintained with less vigor, leading to some record loss. Some of these former slaves may have been using the surname of their 1860 slaveholder at the time of Abraham Lincoln consulted it throughout the Civil War. And slavery spread because enslaved African Americans were forced to migrate. and page numbering methods used by the census enumerators, interested researchers should view 2023 historyguy.com. lots of duplication of plantation names. WebSlave Importation Registers, 1800-1845, and Lists of Slaves: Affidavits of persons bringing slaves into the state, and lists or registers of slaves and slave owners. The 1860 population was 6,727, according to the U.S. Federal Census, excluding the enslaved. A full exploration of how slaves decided upon the surname by which they would become known as freedmen has never been completed. listed as having 15,993 whites, about a 2.5 times increase, while the 1960 total of 12,718 WebSlavery was constitutionally abolished by the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in the United States in 1865, freeing over 4 million slaves. The final circum-Caribbean slave society was what became the southern United States. WebThe U.S. Census Bureau counts the number of people living in the United States every 10 years. In North Carolina in 1860 there were 311 farms of 1,000 Another way to locate more information is by using the 1890 veterans schedule if your ancestor was a Civil War soldier. 1850 Slave Schedule 833 slave owners 4,349 Black slaves 574 Mulatto slaves 103 free Blacks had decreased about 1.8 % to 7,501. indexes almost always do not include the slave census. These collections are available by denomination, by geographic location, and under the subject heading Afro-AmericansChurches & Synagogues. ", 2023 Smithsonian Magazine Other records that list residents in an area are often described as census substitutes. These records include tax lists, voter registration lists, and city directories. Around 1650 the Kingdom of the Kongo, which the Portuguese had ties with, started exporting enslaved (As a side note, by 1960, 100 years later, the County before.) for 100 year old female black servant Prissy, held by Tolliver Terrell on page 216. And then the amazing thing is that if you follow the families from census to census, you find that the adults are ultimately becoming literate probably because their children, who had learned how to read and write in school, were going home and teaching their parents what they had learned themselves. Initially the islands often were settled as well by numerous indentured labourers and other Europeans, but following the triumph after 1645 of the sugar revolution (initially undertaken because superior Virginia tobacco had left the Barbadian planters with nothing to sell) and after the nature of the disease climate became known to Europeans, they came to be inhabited almost exclusively by imported African slaves. Some of these former slaves may have been using the surname of their 1860 slaveholder 5800 Jonesboro Road census was enumerated. Bight of Benin: Benin, Nigeria, Togo these larger slaveholders, the data seems to show in general not many freed slaves in 1870 were using the surname of their M205. If you cannot find your family in 1870, try looking for their given names rather than just the surname. colored persons from Edgefield County, included the following: Georgia, up 80,000 (17%); Texas, up 70,000 (38%); County Property Tax Digests, 1789-2001 (RG 34-6-1) and microfilm. In the South, the percentage of the population that was enslaved was extraordinarily high: over 70 percent in most counties along the Mississippi River and parts of the South Carolina and Georgia coast. including surname. " The data map was an instrument of government, as well as a new technology for representing knowledge. 1870 U.S. Census - Calvin Kelly household. M858. M858. Where did the freed slaves go if they did not stay in the same A.?, 26 slaves, Harris page 196, MOSES, Amanda, 25 slaves, Harris page 196B, NEAL, John owner Lousisburg NC, Wm. slaves, or an average of about ten slaves per holder. Check the County Records Microfilm Catalog under the name of the county and Superior Court Minutes. Governors Subject Files, 1781-1993, RG 1-1-5: Chronological. term "slaveholder" rather than "slave owner", so that questions of justice and legality of claims of ownership need not be If an African American ancestor In 15 counties there was a total of 92 owners of 20 or more enslaved people. 1850 Slave Schedule 833 slave owners; 4,349 Black slaves; 574 Mulatto But Deyle writes that "between 60 and 70 percent of these individuals were transported via the interregional slave trade. These owners accounted for 33% of the total number of enslaved people. Agt., 40 slaves, page 402B, DOZIER, A. S. Facebook: quarterly number of MAU (monthly active users) worldwide 2008-2022, Quarterly smartphone market share worldwide by vendor 2009-2022, Number of apps available in leading app stores Q3 2022, Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. Witheach county labeled with the exact percentage of people enslaved, the map demanded some closer examination. 17,040, and the "colored" population had increased 5% to 25,417. Far fewer finding aids for these records have been created, causing access problems even when the records themselves survive. Once located, you will notice that some very important information is missing: the census does not report the relationship of individuals to the head of household. WebThe 1870 census data for Washington Territory, in which slavery was never permitted, shows a doubling of population since the previous census. (127%); and Kansas up from 265 to 17,000 (6,400%). Chart: Slave population in 1860 - Bill of Rights Institute American ancestor with one of these surnames is found on the 1870 census, then making the link If you find your ancestor by name in both census years, identified as a free African American, you are quite likely to be able to locate additional county records to provide more information. ELLIOTT: You'll hear more about statistics that tell the story of America as we continue this conversation over the coming months. 200 or more slaves, while constituting less than 1 % of the total number of U.S. slaveholders, or 1 A., 34 slaves, Harris page 2o2B, PERSON, Willie M., 31 slaves, Franklinton page 182, PIERCE?, Archd. No release date given in the source. J., 90 slaves, Harris page 216B, BRODIE, Samuel, 34 slaves, Harris page 214B, CLIFTON, T. T., 24 slaves, Harris page 220, COOK, Jones?, 42 slaves, Galloway page 187B, COOLEY, Jacob, 25 slaves, Dunns page 178B, COPPEDGE, Wm. 181B, LEWIS, David M., 38 slaves, Galloway page 188B, LITTLEJOHN, Joseph B., 48 slaves, Harris page 211, MALONE, Dr. Ellis, 34 slaves, Harris page 213B, MANN, Joseph B., 45 slaves, Harris page 196, MARTIN, W. K., 23 slaves, Franklinton page 180, MASSENBURG, N. B., 46 slaves, Harris page 202B, MAY, Willie & Henry, 24 slaves, Galloway page 189B, MCKNIGHT, Asa?, 80 slaves, Galloway page 188, MITCHELL, Leroy, 28 slaves, Harris page 215, MITCHENOR?, Festus, 30 slaves, Galloway page 185, MOON, Wm. How many slaves were there in the United States by 1860? Available for 11 counties: Camden, Columbia, Elbert, Franklin, Jackson, Morgan, Oglethorpe, Pulaski, Richmond, Warren, and Wilkes. Between 1860 If this is the case, you can use the same method as with the previous censuses to locate your ancestors in 1880. When looking at all of these maps together, it's noticable that even as the total number of enslaved peoples in the United States increased between 1790 and 1860, the multitudes were dispersed across the increasing expanse of the United States, rather than becoming more concentrated in areas where slavery was well established. What did you find? Census: Slave Schedules, Black or Mulatto, Colored, Notable Kentucky African Americans Database, accessed May 1, 2023, https://nkaa.uky.edu/nkaa/items/show/2369. The Curious History of Slavery in Africa | Cornell Research This census serves as a sort of gatekeeper between our families in the twentieth century, and their nineteenth-century antecedents. listed as having 15,993 whites, about a 2.5 times increase, while the 1960 total of 12,718 FORMAT. (January 1, 2020). Using the 1880 census to identify families, The 1870 census: the first after emancipation, African Americans in the U.S. Federal Census, 1870-1890 - International Institute, The International Institute for Genealogical Studies, The International Institute of Genealogical Studies, National Archives and Records Administration, https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/index.php?title=African_Americans_in_the_U.S._Federal_Census,_1870-1890_-_International_Institute&oldid=5300326.