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V If President Diem refused to jettison Nhu, then Diem would have to go as well. They agreed that the coup plotters would deal only with Conein in the future. Even now the views of Kennedy and some of his top aides about the advisability of a coup specifically have been shrouded by an incomplete documentary record that has led scholars to focus more on the attitudes of subordinates. The online tool for teaching with documents, from the National Archives, Public Domain, Free of Known Copyright Restrictions, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. The IHSP is a project independent of Fordham University. Internet At one point Ambassador Lodge personally assured General Tran Van Don that CIA operative Conein was speaking authoritatively for the U.S. Rather than revisit all of that debate, here we want to touch on a few points, presenting nuances in the form of the Thomas Hughes notes (Document 6) and meetings with Diem and Nhu that were taking place within this timeframe (Documents 8, 14, 15), amplifying the evidence. President, if I was manager of a baseball team, [and] I had one pitcher, Id keep him in the box whether he was a good pitcher or not. aggression through military means. President Eisenhower's Letter to Ngo Dinh Diem, President of the Tng Thng For you, for President Eisenhower, and for the American people, the choice in Vietnam was whether to 'sink or swim with Ngo Dinh Diem.' A Strong Anti-Communist Leader in South Vietnam At Geneva, Ho Chi Minh agreed to stop fighting in part because he was sure he'd win an election in South Vietnam. JFK Papers: NSF: Country File, b. the future of a country temporarily divided by an artificial military grouping, weakened Eisenhower called Diem the "miracle man of Asia." . As the fall progressed in Washington, numerous lists were drawn up of South Vietnamese leaders who could potentially replace the Diem government. Washingtons last opportunity to back out of the Saigon coup occurred on October 29, when President Kennedy gathered his advisers to go over the ground one more time. President Kennedy decided to replace his ambassador to Saigon, Frederick E. Nolting, and appointed Henry Cabot Lodge to that position. Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. met with President John F. Kennedy alone in the Oval Office for his farewell meeting prior to leaving for Vietnam. We have been exploring ways and means Vn Hng, History of Strategic Bobby Kennedy spoke little in the August meetings and was absent from the August 26 session, when anger over the Hilsman cable should have been most focused. Nhu claimed he was prepared to join them which could have been an effort to unmask the coup plotters and their grievances rather than a genuine statement of support. Noam Chomsky on the meaning of Vietnam (1975), Richard Nixon unveils a policy of Vietnamisation (November 1969) Ng nh Dim: Giai on cc k gy cn (HNT & TTN), TT The implications of the agreement concerning Vietnam have caused grave concern regarding the future of the country temporarily . State visit by Ngo Dinh Diem to the United States - Wikipedia o chnh m st TT Ng nh Dim (Aladin Nguyen), Bi The implications of the agreement concerning Viet-Nam have caused grave concern regarding the future of a country temporarily divided by an artificial military grouping, weakened by a long and exhausting war and faced with enemies without and by their subversive collaborations within. Former Ambassador Frederick Nolting seemed to be the lone dissenting voice, arguing that Diem was the only figure who could hold South Vietnam together. Such a government would, I hope, be so responsive to the nationalist aspirations of its people, so enlightened in purpose and effective in performance, that it will be respected both at home and abroad and discourage any who might wish to impose a foreign ideology on your free people. Photo undated(peacehistory-usfp.org). Kennedys associates concluded early on that Ngo Dinh Nhu had to go. rule Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. Bromley Smith again took notes of another meeting held that afternoon. Cht ca TT Ng nh Dim (Aladin Nguyen), Cuc Viet-Nam endowed with a strong government. Primary Source. Permission is JFKPapers: NSF: Country File: b. Your recent requests for aid to assist in the formidable project of the movement of several hundred thousand loyal Vietnamese citizens away from areas which are passing under a de facto rule and political ideology which they abhor, are being fulfilled. copy-permitted texts for introductory level classes in modern European and World history. Lodge spoke with Harkins on the afternoon on October 23. disassembling Kennedy's firm but cautious action in the Cuban missile crisis resulted in the _________ of Russian missiles. Ed. Such a government would, I hope, be so responsive to the nationalist aspirations of its Retrieved From http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/vietnam/psources/ps_eisenhower.html / (Original Work published oct. 23 1954). Ngo Dinh Diem - Wikipedia [9] Document number deleted, October 28, 1963, FRUS, v. IV, p. 449. I am glad The E-book contained a selection of documents that showed how Washington considered South Vietnamese who might be alternative candidates for leadership, and jumped ahead to the final days before the coup. Vietnamese figure Ngo Dinh Nhu, brother of leader Diem, remained the prime target of American maneuvers. [2] In an EYES ONLY cable on September 15, Secretary Rusk warned Ambassador Lodge that the coup envisioned in the Hilsman cable was definitely in suspense and that no effort should be made to stimulate any coup plotting. DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: I have been following The Vietnam War Primary Sources - Shmoop Site Concept and Design: Paul Halsall created 26 Jan 1996: latest revision 3 Mayl 2023 [CV], created 26 Jan 1996: latest revision 3 Mayl 2023 [, Internet In an extraordinary series of notes made by Diem during the coup from his bunker under Gia Long Palace, discovered by Luke Nichter in November 2016 at National Archives II in Ho Chi Minh City, Diem struggled to regain control. 199, f.: Vietnam 9/11-9/17/63, CIA Reports.. John F. Kennedy, Eisenhower's successor in the White House, would increase the commitment of U.S. resources in support of the Ngo Dinh Diem regime in South Vietnam and of non-communist. in its present hour of trial, provided that your Government is prepared both at home and abroad and discourage any who might wish to impose a foreign ideology on It hopes that such aid, combined with your own continuing efforts, will contribute effectively toward an independent Viet-Nam endowed with a strong government. Ngo Dinh Diem (1901-63) was the United States-backed leader of South Vietnam from 1954. He represented the Pagoda Raids as some sort of victory for Diem, absolved Nhu of responsibility for them, pictured Diem as a man of integrity who had tried to carry out all the promises he had made to the United States, and framed Vietnamese Buddhism as manipulated by Cambodia. Again, the 2003 E-book presented an array of materials on these events (Documents 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28), ranging from Kennedys White House sessions to monitor events, to the CIA daily situation reports, to a cable relating several versions of how Diem and Nhu died, to a CIA retrospective analysis of press coverage of the deaths. of American aid given directly to your Government can serve to assist Viet-Nam Ngo Dinh Diem decrees the death sentence (May 1959) United States Ambassador Donald R. Heath delivered this letter from President Eisenhower to Ngo Dinh Diem, President of the Council of Ministers of Vietnam (Viet-Nam), on October 23, 1954. The coup against Diem has been a much-debated passage in the history of the American war in Vietnam. (BS Tn Tht Thin), Ngha December 11, 2009, The Last Brahmin: Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. and the Making of the Cold War TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers. Another consistent theme among American planners was that there was no clear frontrunner, and it was unclear whether the next government would be civilian or whether it would share power with the military for a time. ND c c lm Th Tng (HNT & TTN), TT In a meeting between President Kennedy and his top advisors, even at that late hour they seemed divided over a possible coup. and political ideology which they abhor, are being fulfilled. embassy.[9]. Press Release of Letter from President Dwight Eisenhower to Ngo Dinh Diem The Cold War (1945-1963): Eisenhower and the Cold War: 1954-1960 The Saigon government was headed by President Ngo Dinh Diem, an autocratic, nepotistic ruler who valued power more than either his relations with the Vietnamese people or progress in fighting the communists. SOURCE: JFKL: JFKP: National Security File . CIA Director Colby described a Saigon situation that pictured the pro-regime forces as stronger than the plotters. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. National Security Archive: George McT. Changing the day will navigate the page to that given day in history. It contains 186,751 words in 265 pages and was updated last on March 27th, 2022. A Christian Vietnamese named Ngo Dinh Diem had been in the United States between 1950 and 1954, and there he had met Cardinal Francis Spellman and Senator John F. Kennedy. If you do reduplicate the document, indicate the source. So he pledged support to an emerging leaderNgo Dinh Diema devout Catholic and fervent anti-French, anti-Communist nationalist. Plus, we've got an entire learning guide devoted to this document. WASHINGTON, May 11-- Following is the text of a joint statement issued today by President Eisenhower and President Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam at the conclusion of their talks: View Full . One of themthe easiest, Minh saidwas to assassinate two of Diems brothers while keeping Diem himself as a figurehead. Th Ni Lng - Ch S Ng nh Dim (Trn Vit Yn), Vn With the exception of primary sources, all content on this website is Alpha History 2018. The implications of the agreement concerning . HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. Ho Chi Minhs declaration of independence (September 1945) November 15, 1954, pp.735-736. Tng - Bn c n cn (T Gn) purposes and personal use. President Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam Addressed a Joint Meeting of CIA operative Lucien Conein, who was a liaison to the generals leading up to the coup, in an undated photo from the 1960s (Credit: William J. The implications of the agreement concerning Viet-Nam have caused grave concern regarding the future National Defense University: Maxwell D. Taylor Papers, Vietnam, Chapter XXIII, T-172-68. Joint Statement Following Discussions With President Diem of Viet-Nam While a popular proposal in Washington had been to somehow separate Diem from Nhu, Hughes explained why it would be difficult to achieve that: Diem and Nhu were more inseparable than ever. The tapes of the White House meetings on August 26, 27, and 28, along with written records of those meetings made by NSC notetaker Bromley K. Smith and State Department official Roger A. Hilsman are available in the earlier postings, along with one record by General Victor H. Krulak. Ng nh Dim: Th thch u tin (HNT & TTN), TT Suite 701, Gelman Library [1] Thomas L. Hughes, telephone interview, September 12, 2020. Le Duan reminds agents in the South of tactics (November 1965) American aid given directly to your Government can serve to assist Viet-Nam in its present By that time Secretary McNamara and General Taylor were in Saigon on their fact-finding mission. The Government of the United States expects that this nguyn vi C TT Ng nh Dim (Phan Thit), V glad that the United States is able to assist in this humanitarian effort. On this day in 1957, Ngo Dinh Diem, president of South Vietnam, addressed a joint meeting of Congress during a two-week visit to the United States. The purpose of this offer is to assist the Government of Viet-Nam in developing and That post included a selection of essential documents, including the CIA briefing where the agencys director, John McCone, informed the president of the initial approaches by South Vietnamese plotters to CIA officers. We strive for accuracy and fairness. The National Security Archive has participated in these debates by introducing important new evidence and interpretation. own continuing efforts, will contribute effectively toward an independent ISBN: 978-0-7006-1690-9, Vietnam: The History of an Unwinnable War, 1945-1975 Minh identified the principal plotters, assured the CIA man a coup would take place in the near future, and outlined several possible coup options. While it was too soon to know the outcome, it appeared that Big Minh had gained the backing of all major combat units. That encounter actually took place at that very time (Document 8). Modern History Sourcebook. DIEM'S DEATH 'SHOCKED' KENNEDY - The Washington Post